Introduction Emergency department (ED) crowding has significant adverse consequences, however, there is no widely accepted tool to measure it. This study validated the National Emergency Department ...

Method and Design Data from a period of 12-months (1065 cases) were used to evaluate the performance of a TUB tool used in an English ambulance service. Data were sourced from the Trauma Audit and ...

Background: Topical anaesthetics reduce the pain of venous cannulation. The emergency department at the Starship Children’s Hospital in Auckland uses EMLA (an eutectic mixture of 25 mg/g lidocaine and ...