Namibia’s arid climate makes it highly susceptible to severe weather shocks. The prolonged drought in 2023–24 caused a sharp decline in crop yields and exacerbated food insecurity. This paper ...

With high unemployment, especially among the youth, Namibia lags behind the SSA region on labor market outcomes. Between 2012 and 2018, there was a structural shift in the economy from agriculture to ...

This paper presents a novel methodology—leveraging a combination of AI and machine learning to estimate the geographic distribution of international stablecoin flows, overcoming the “anonymity” of ...

We present new evidence on the impact of fiscal variables on long-term interest rates and term premia in the United States. To alleviate endogeneity problems, we follow the seminal methodology by ...

A Concluding Statement describes the preliminary findings of IMF staff at the end of an official staff visit (or ‘mission’), in most cases to a member country. Missions are undertaken as part of ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the 2025 discussions on common euro area policies with member countries. This year, the consultation also included a discussion o ...

Kiribati faces significant development challenges due to its remoteness, limited landmass, and high exposure to climate-related shocks. The government has expanded social benefits and is pursuing an ...

On July 9, 2025, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Kiribati, and considered and endorsed the staff appraisal without a meeting.

As part of the Fund's increased transparency, the tentative calendar of the formal meetings and seminars of the Executive Board for the next seven days is shown below. Please note that the calendar is ...

Rising trade tensions, global policy uncertainty, and regional conflicts are presenting challenges to economies in the Middle East and North Africa and Caucasus and Central Asia regions. Policymakers ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) today completed the third review of Somalia’s economic reform program supported by the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement ...

Africa has made remarkable strides across many development metrics, significantly improving life expectancy, literacy, health, and education. With its population set to double to around 2 billion by ...